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Pinecone

Pinecone is a vector database with broad functionality.

This notebook shows how to use functionality related to the Pinecone vector database.

Setup​

To use the PineconeVectorStore you first need to install the partner package, as well as the other packages used throughout this notebook.

%pip install -qU langchain-pinecone pinecone-notebooks

Migration note: if you are migrating from the langchain_community.vectorstores implementation of Pinecone, you may need to remove your pinecone-client v2 dependency before installing langchain-pinecone, which relies on pinecone-client v3.

Credentials​

Create a new Pinecone account, or sign into your existing one, and create an API key to use in this notebook.

import getpass
import os
import time

from pinecone import Pinecone, ServerlessSpec

if not os.getenv("PINECONE_API_KEY"):
    os.environ["PINECONE_API_KEY"] = getpass.getpass("Enter your Pinecone API key: ")

pinecone_api_key = os.environ.get("PINECONE_API_KEY")

pc = Pinecone(api_key=pinecone_api_key)

If you want to get automated tracing of your model calls you can also set your LangSmith API key by uncommenting below:

# os.environ["LANGSMITH_API_KEY"] = getpass.getpass("Enter your LangSmith API key: ")
# os.environ["LANGSMITH_TRACING"] = "true"

Initialization​

Before initializing our vector store, let's connect to a Pinecone index. If one named index_name doesn't exist, it will be created.

import time

index_name = "langchain-test-index"  # change if desired

existing_indexes = [index_info["name"] for index_info in pc.list_indexes()]

if index_name not in existing_indexes:
    pc.create_index(
        name=index_name,
        dimension=3072,
        metric="cosine",
        spec=ServerlessSpec(cloud="aws", region="us-east-1"),
    )
    while not pc.describe_index(index_name).status["ready"]:
        time.sleep(1)

index = pc.Index(index_name)

Now that our Pinecone index is setup, we can initialize our vector store. 

pip install -qU langchain-openai
import getpass

    os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = getpass.getpass()

from langchain_openai import OpenAIEmbeddings

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(model="text-embedding-3-large")
from langchain_pinecone import PineconeVectorStore

vector_store = PineconeVectorStore(index=index, embedding=embeddings)
API Reference:PineconeVectorStore

Manage vector store​

Once you have created your vector store, we can interact with it by adding and deleting different items.

Add items to vector store​

We can add items to our vector store by using the add_documents function.

from uuid import uuid4

from langchain_core.documents import Document

document_1 = Document(
    page_content="I had chocalate chip pancakes and scrambled eggs for breakfast this morning.",
    metadata={"source": "tweet"},
)

document_2 = Document(
    page_content="The weather forecast for tomorrow is cloudy and overcast, with a high of 62 degrees.",
    metadata={"source": "news"},
)

document_3 = Document(
    page_content="Building an exciting new project with LangChain - come check it out!",
    metadata={"source": "tweet"},
)

document_4 = Document(
    page_content="Robbers broke into the city bank and stole $1 million in cash.",
    metadata={"source": "news"},
)

document_5 = Document(
    page_content="Wow! That was an amazing movie. I can't wait to see it again.",
    metadata={"source": "tweet"},
)

document_6 = Document(
    page_content="Is the new iPhone worth the price? Read this review to find out.",
    metadata={"source": "website"},
)

document_7 = Document(
    page_content="The top 10 soccer players in the world right now.",
    metadata={"source": "website"},
)

document_8 = Document(
    page_content="LangGraph is the best framework for building stateful, agentic applications!",
    metadata={"source": "tweet"},
)

document_9 = Document(
    page_content="The stock market is down 500 points today due to fears of a recession.",
    metadata={"source": "news"},
)

document_10 = Document(
    page_content="I have a bad feeling I am going to get deleted :(",
    metadata={"source": "tweet"},
)

documents = [
    document_1,
    document_2,
    document_3,
    document_4,
    document_5,
    document_6,
    document_7,
    document_8,
    document_9,
    document_10,
]
uuids = [str(uuid4()) for _ in range(len(documents))]

vector_store.add_documents(documents=documents, ids=uuids)
API Reference:Document
['167b8681-5974-467f-adcb-6e987a18df01',
 'd16010fd-41f8-4d49-9c22-c66d5555a3fe',
 'ffcacfb3-2bc2-44c3-a039-c2256a905c0e',
 'cf3bfc9f-5dc7-4f5e-bb41-edb957394126',
 'e99b07eb-fdff-4cb9-baa8-619fd8efeed3',
 '68c93033-a24f-40bd-8492-92fa26b631a4',
 'b27a4ecb-b505-4c5d-89ff-526e3d103558',
 '4868a9e6-e6fb-4079-b400-4a1dfbf0d4c4',
 '921c0e9c-0550-4eb5-9a6c-ed44410788b2',
 'c446fc23-64e8-47e7-8c19-ecf985e9411e']

Delete items from vector store​

vector_store.delete(ids=[uuids[-1]])

Query vector store​

Once your vector store has been created and the relevant documents have been added you will most likely wish to query it during the running of your chain or agent.

Query directly​

Performing a simple similarity search can be done as follows:

results = vector_store.similarity_search(
    "LangChain provides abstractions to make working with LLMs easy",
    k=2,
    filter={"source": "tweet"},
)
for res in results:
    print(f"* {res.page_content} [{res.metadata}]")
* Building an exciting new project with LangChain - come check it out! [{'source': 'tweet'}]
* LangGraph is the best framework for building stateful, agentic applications! [{'source': 'tweet'}]

Similarity search with score​

You can also search with score:

results = vector_store.similarity_search_with_score(
    "Will it be hot tomorrow?", k=1, filter={"source": "news"}
)
for res, score in results:
    print(f"* [SIM={score:3f}] {res.page_content} [{res.metadata}]")
* [SIM=0.553187] The weather forecast for tomorrow is cloudy and overcast, with a high of 62 degrees. [{'source': 'news'}]

Other search methods​

There are more search methods (such as MMR) not listed in this notebook, to find all of them be sure to read the API reference.

Query by turning into retriever​

You can also transform the vector store into a retriever for easier usage in your chains.

retriever = vector_store.as_retriever(
    search_type="similarity_score_threshold",
    search_kwargs={"k": 1, "score_threshold": 0.5},
)
retriever.invoke("Stealing from the bank is a crime", filter={"source": "news"})
[Document(metadata={'source': 'news'}, page_content='Robbers broke into the city bank and stole $1 million in cash.')]

Chain usage​

The code below shows how to use the vector store as a retriever in a simple RAG chain:

pip install -qU langchain-openai
import getpass
import os

os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = getpass.getpass()

from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI

llm = ChatOpenAI(model="gpt-4o-mini")
from langchain import hub
from langchain_core.output_parsers import StrOutputParser
from langchain_core.runnables import RunnablePassthrough

prompt = hub.pull("rlm/rag-prompt")


def format_docs(docs):
    return "\n\n".join(doc.page_content for doc in docs)


rag_chain = (
    {"context": retriever | format_docs, "question": RunnablePassthrough()}
    | prompt
    | llm
    | StrOutputParser()
)

rag_chain.invoke("What is LangGraph used for?")
'LangGraph is used for building stateful, agentic applications. It provides a framework that facilitates the development of these types of applications.'

API reference​

For detailed documentation of all ModuleNameVectorStore features and configurations head to the API reference: https://api.python.langchain.com/en/latest/vectorstores/langchain_pinecone.vectorstores.PineconeVectorStore.html

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